Decreasing grain size, increasing performance; Integran Defense Systems' Bottom-Up Nanomaterial Process delivers unparalleled material performance in a cost effective one-step process.

Via a patent-protected electrosynthesis technology, materials having average crystal sizes 1000-times smaller than those found in conventional materials can be inexpensively produced.

Decreasing the Grain Size of Materials.
Typical metals and ceramics have crystalline structures with average grain sizes of several microns. Integran Defense Systems' patented bottom-up process, creates materials with 1000 times smaller grain sizes.

Conventional Material	Nanocrystalline Material	TEM Magnified View

The nanocrystalline material has an average grain size of 20 nm. This is about 1000x smaller than the conventional material, at about 20 microns

.Drastically Improves Material Performance

Properties of metals are governed by the Hall-Petch relationship - as grain size decreases, strength increases. Nanocrystalline materials are characterized with significant increases in:

Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Hardness

...Without Sacrificing Ductility
"A value of 5% elongation; often used by structural designers, is used to separate ductile from brittle behavior. To date, (Integran Defense Systems') nanomaterial may be the only example of nanocrystalline material produced by a one-step process exhibiting ductility behaviour"

^{C.C. Koch in "Ductility in Nanostructured & Ultrafine Grained Materials: Recent Evidence for Optimism"
J. Metastable & Nanocrystalline Materials, Vol.18 (2003)pp.9-20.}

Other characteristics of nanocrystalline materials include:

Wear Resistance & Resilience Thermal Shock and Fatigue Resistance High Magnetic Saturation and Coercivity (@60Hz) Enhanced Anti-Microbial Activity

Process offers cost effective net shape processing technology

Applicable to micro- and macro-scale metal, alloy, and metal-matrix composite components Offers precise control of crystal size to less than 10nm

Integran Defense Systems' Nanomaterials offer fully dense materials in a variety of product forms in a cost effective process

Click here for a comparison chart of methods for producing nanostructured materials.